One of the key messages of the book is that even highly edu…

One of the key messages of the book is that even highly educated people often assess the state of the world worse than apes would if they were choosing randomly. This is because humans tend to have outdated, overly dramatic, and systematically biased views, which the authors attribute to various "instincts" such as the gap instinct, negativity instinct, and straight-line instinct, among others. The book encourages a fact-based worldview, using evidence and data to highlight the improvements in global health, income, and overall human development. By adopting a factful perspective, the authors argue that people can better address the challenges facing the world without succumbing to an excessively pessimistic outlook.