https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal

Neanderthal
|Neanderthal|
Temporal range: Middle to Late Pleistocene
|An approximate reconstruction of a Neanderthal skeleton. The central rib-cage (including the sternum) and parts of the pelvis are from modern humans.|
|Scientific classification|
|Domain:||Eukaryota|
|Kingdom:||Animalia|
|Phylum:||Chordata|
|Class:||Mammalia|
|Order:||Primates|
|Suborder:||Haplorhini|
|Infraorder:||Simiiformes|
|Family:||Hominidae|
|Subfamily:||Homininae|
|Tribe:||Hominini|
|Genus:||Homo|
|Species:|
†H. neanderthalensis
|Binomial name|
|†Homo neanderthalensis|
King, 1864
|Known Neanderthal range in Europe (blue), Southwest Asia (orange), Uzbekistan (green), and the Altai Mountains (violet)|
|Synonyms[6]|
|
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Homo
Palaeoanthropus
Protanthropus
Neanderthals (/niˈændərˌtɑːl, neɪ-, -ˌθɑːl/ nee-AN-də(r)-TAHL, nay-, -THAHL;[7] Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.[8][9][10][11] The type specimen, Neanderthal 1, was found in 1856 in the Neander Valley in present-day Germany.
It is not clear when the line of Neanderthals split from that of modern humans; studies have produced various times ranging from 315,000[12] to more than 800,000 years ago.[13] The date of divergence of Neanderthals from their ancestor H. heidelbergensis is also unclear. The oldest potential Neanderthal bones date to 430,000 years ago, but the classification remains uncertain.[14] Neanderthals are known from numerous fossils, especially from after 130,000 years ago.[15]
The reasons for Neanderthal extinction are disputed.[16][17] Theories for their extinction include demographic factors such as small population size and inbreeding, competitive replacement,[18] interbreeding and assimilation with modern humans,[19] change of climate,[20][21][22] disease,[23][24] or a combination of these factors.[22]
For much of the …