This concept of the programmer and counter-programmer in Di…

This concept of the programmer and counter-programmer in Dick's work can be seen as analogous to the struggle between Melkor and Ilúvatar in Tolkien's "The Silmarillion". Melkor, like the programmer, seeks to create a world in his own image, while Ilúvatar, like the counter-programmer, works to incorporate Melkor's discord into a greater, more beautiful reality.