### 4. **Technological/Systemic Innovation During Crisis** …

### 4. **Technological/Systemic Innovation During Crisis**
- **Ancient China (~2070 BC)**: Yu the Great's flood control engineering and establishment of the Xia Dynasty—new governance models emerging from crisis
- **Modern Era**: Bitcoin (components developed 1990s-2004, assembled 2008-2009)—decentralized monetary system emerging as response to 2008 financial crisis