#### 1. Structural Paradigm Shift: Monolithic to Microservi…

#### 1. Structural Paradigm Shift: Monolithic to Microservices
Traditional blockchain node software operates on a monolithic architecture. In legacy designs, transaction ingestion, cryptographic validation, mempool management, and block assembly are all tightly coupled within a single instance. This creates inevitable vertical scaling bottlenecks; a node can only process as much as a single CPU/RAM configuration can handle.