1) How BTC’s design limits it as currency - Small base-laye…

1) How BTC’s design limits it as currency
- Small base-layer capacity: A strict block-size cap keeps throughput low and fees spiky under load, preventing broad retail payments use.
- UX friction by policy: Replace-by-Fee, mempool policy churn, and confirmation delays make BTC unreliable for point-of-sale without custodians.
- Off-chain dependency: The promoted fix is off-chain (e.g., Lightning). Despite progress, liquidity management, routing failures, and custodial hubs keep it niche relative to global retail payments.
- Narrative pivot: From “peer-to-peer electronic cash” to “digital gold.” That pivot implicitly accepts non-usage as money at scale.